Making Ten: Break apart one number to make 10, then add the rest
- Start with the larger number (8)
- See how much more is needed to make 10 (2 more)
- Break apart the second number (5 = 2 + 3)
- Add to make 10, then add the remainder
8 needs 2 more to make 10
5 = 2 + 3
8 + 2 = 10
10 + 3 = 13
8 + 5 = 13
• Decomposition: Break apart numbers to make 10
• Associative Property: (8 + 2) + 3 = 8 + (2 + 3)
• Ten as Benchmark: Use 10 as a friendly number
Making Ten: Decompose one addend to complete the other to 10
7 needs 3 more to make 10
6 = 3 + 3
7 + 3 = 10
10 + 3 = 13
7 + 6 = 13
• Number Bonds: Understanding part-part-whole relationships
• Decomposition: Breaking numbers into friendly parts
• Regrouping: Reorganizing numbers for easier computation
Making Ten: Use the near ten strategy for efficient addition
9 needs 1 more to make 10
4 = 1 + 3
9 + 1 = 10
10 + 3 = 13
9 + 4 = 13
• Near Ten Strategy: 9 is close to 10, so make it 10
• Compensation: Adjust one number to make computation easier
• Place Value: Understanding tens and ones
Making Ten: Breaking apart one number to complete the other to 10
Number Bonds: Showing how numbers can be split into parts
Decomposition: Breaking numbers into smaller parts
- Identify the larger number: Which addend is closer to 10?
- Determine how much more to make 10: What's needed to reach 10?
- Break apart the other number: Split to provide what's needed
- Add to make 10: Complete the first step
- Add the remainder: Complete the calculation
- Making Ten Strategy: A mental math technique that breaks apart one addend to create a sum of 10 with the other addend, then adds the remaining amount.
- Number Bonds: Pairs of numbers that add up to a specific total, especially pairs that make 10 (1+9, 2+8, 3+7, 4+6, 5+5).
- Decomposition: Breaking apart numbers into smaller, more manageable parts.
- Ten Frame: A visual tool with 10 spaces used to represent numbers and show how they relate to 10.
- Rule 1: Always make one of the numbers equal to 10 by borrowing from the other.
- Rule 2: The total sum remains the same regardless of how numbers are grouped (Associative Property).
- Rule 3: Use number bonds to 10 as a foundation for the strategy.
- Rule 4: The number 10 is considered a "friendly number" that makes calculations easier.
- Step 1: Look at both numbers in the addition problem.
- Step 2: Identify which number is closer to 10 (usually the larger number).
- Step 3: Determine how many more are needed to make 10 from that number.
- Step 4: Break apart the second number into two parts: the amount needed to make 10 and the remainder.
- Step 5: Add the first number to the amount needed to make 10.
- Step 6: Add the remainder to 10 to get the final answer.
- Simple: 9 + 2 → 9 + 1 = 10, 10 + 1 = 11
- Intermediate: 8 + 5 → 8 + 2 = 10, 10 + 3 = 13
- Advanced: 7 + 6 → 7 + 3 = 10, 10 + 3 = 13
- Expert: 6 + 7 → 6 + 4 = 10, 10 + 3 = 13
- Tip: Practice number bonds to 10 until they become automatic.
- Trick: Start with the larger number when possible.
- Pitfall: Forgetting to add the remainder after making 10.
- Warning: Don't break apart the number incorrectly.
- Memory Aid: "Make 10 first, then add the rest!"
- Takeaway 1: Making 10 simplifies addition problems.
- Takeaway 2: This strategy builds number sense and mental math skills.
- Takeaway 3: It's a foundation for more complex addition strategies.
• Number Recognition: Identifying which number is closer to 10
• Decomposition Skills: Breaking numbers into parts
• Regrouping: Reorganizing numbers for easier computation
• Visualization: Using mental or physical models to represent the process
Questions & Answers
Question: Why do we need to make 10? Why can't I just count all the numbers together?
Answer: Great question! Making 10 is like using a shortcut that makes addition faster and easier. Here's why it's helpful:
- 10 is a "friendly" number that's easy to work with mentally
- Once you know how to make 10, you can do math in your head quickly
- It builds strong number sense and understanding of how numbers work together
- Counting all numbers works, but making 10 is more efficient as numbers get bigger
For example, 8 + 5: Instead of counting 1, 2, 3... up to 13, you can think "8 needs 2 more to make 10, so 5 = 2 + 3, then 10 + 3 = 13." Much faster!
This strategy also prepares you for more advanced math in future grades.
Question: My child seems confused about breaking apart numbers. How can I help them understand decomposition?
Answer: Decomposition can be challenging at first! Try these approaches:
- Use manipulatives: Give your child 5 blocks and ask them to split into two groups (2 and 3, 1 and 4, etc.)
- Draw circles: Draw 5 circles and cross out different amounts to show how 5 can be broken into parts
- Real-world examples: "I have 5 cookies, I eat 2, how many are left?" (5 = 2 + 3)
- Number bond diagrams: Show the whole number at the top, parts below
Practice with smaller numbers first (up to 5), then gradually work up to 10. Once your child masters decomposing numbers, the making ten strategy will become much clearer.
Remember, this is foundational work that builds important mathematical reasoning skills.
Question: What happens if I try to make 10 with a number that's already bigger than 10? Like 12 + 3?
Answer: The making ten strategy is specifically for addition problems where both numbers are less than 10 and their sum is greater than 10. For 12 + 3, you would use a different strategy.
The making ten strategy works best with problems like:
- 8 + 4 (both under 10, sum over 10)
- 9 + 6 (both under 10, sum over 10)
- 7 + 5 (both under 10, sum over 10)
For 12 + 3, you might use a strategy like "start with 12 and count on 3 more" since 12 is already past 10. The making ten strategy is a tool for specific situations where it makes the math easier!
As you learn more math strategies, you'll know which one works best for each problem.