Solved Exercises on Making 10 to Add and Subtract in Grade 1

Master making 10 to add and subtract: number bonds, addition strategies, subtraction methods, and mental math techniques through these 5 detailed exercises.

Solution: Exercises 1 to 3
1 Making 10 Addition
Exercise 1
Add: 8 + 5 using the "making 10" strategy
Definition:

Making 10 Strategy: Break apart numbers to form 10, then add the remainder

Addition method:
  1. Look at the first number (8) and determine how many more needed to make 10
  2. Break apart the second number (5) into parts
  3. Add to make 10, then add the remaining part
Original
8 + 5
Make 10
8 + 2 = 10
Remainder
5 - 2 = 3
Final
10 + 3 = 13
Step 1: Identify how many more to make 10

From 8 to make 10, we need 2 more

Step 2: Break apart the second number

5 = 2 + 3 (we take 2 to make 10 with 8)

Step 3: Add to make 10

8 + 2 = 10

Step 4: Add the remainder

10 + 3 = 13

8 + 5 = 13
Final answer:

8 + 5 = 13

Applied rules:

• Number Bonds: Know pairs that make 10 (2 + 8 = 10)

• Decomposition: Break apart the second number strategically

• Associative Property: Group numbers to make 10 first

2 Making 10 Subtraction
Exercise 2
Subtract: 13 - 8 using the "making 10" strategy
Definition:

Making 10 Strategy for Subtraction: Break apart the larger number using 10 as a bridge

Original
13 - 8
Break 13
10 + 3
Subtract from 10
10 - 8 = 2
Final
2 + 3 = 5
Step 1: Break apart the larger number

13 = 10 + 3

Step 2: Subtract from 10

10 - 8 = 2

Step 3: Add the remainder

2 + 3 = 5

13 - 8 = 5
Final answer:

13 - 8 = 5

Applied rules:

• Decomposition: Break apart the larger number into 10 and the remainder

• Subtraction from 10: Use known facts about 10

• Regrouping: Combine results after subtracting from 10

3 Number Bonds
Exercise 3
Complete the number bond: 7 + ? = 10
Definition:

Number Bond: Shows how numbers can be split into parts that make up the whole

Expression
7 + ? = 10
Known Part
7
Missing Part
3
Step 1: Start with the known part

We have 7

Step 2: Count up to 10

7, 8, 9, 10 → We counted 3 more

Step 3: Verify the answer

7 + 3 = 10 ✓

Step 4: Complete the number bond

7 + 3 = 10

7 + 3 = 10
Final answer:

7 + 3 = 10

Applied rules:

• Counting Up: Count from the known part to the target

• Part-Whole Relationship: The sum of parts equals the whole

• Verification: Check that parts add up to the whole

Rules and methods, laws,...
8 + 5 = 8 + 2 + 3 = 10 + 3 = 13
Making 10 Addition
Addition
8 + 5 → 8 + 2 + 3 → 10 + 3
Make 10 first
Subtraction
13 - 8 → (10 + 3) - 8 → 2 + 3
Use 10 as bridge
Number Bonds
7 + 3 = 10
Parts make whole
Key definitions:

Making 10: A strategy to break apart numbers to form 10 first

Number Bonds: Pairs of numbers that add up to a specific total

Decomposition: Breaking apart numbers into smaller parts

Complete methodology:
  1. Identify the target: Look for ways to make 10
  2. Break apart strategically: Split numbers to reach 10
  3. Add in parts: Make 10 first, then add remaining parts
  4. Verify the result: Check your answer
Tip 1: Practice number bonds to 10 until automatic (1+9, 2+8, 3+7, etc.)
Tip 2: Use fingers or counters to visualize making 10.
Tip 3: Think "How many more to make 10?" when adding numbers close to 10.
Common errors: Forgetting to add the remainder after making 10, miscounting parts.
Memory aids: Remember number bonds to 10: 1+9, 2+8, 3+7, 4+6, 5+5.
Strategies to know by heart:

• Making 10: 8 + 5 = 8 + 2 + 3 = 10 + 3 = 13

• Breaking apart: 9 + 4 = 9 + 1 + 3 = 10 + 3 = 13

• Subtraction: 14 - 9 = (10 + 4) - 9 = 1 + 4 = 5

• Number bonds: 1+9, 2+8, 3+7, 4+6, 5+5 all equal 10

Solution: Exercises 4 to 5
4 Complex Addition
Exercise 4
Add: 9 + 6 using the "making 10" strategy
Definition:

Making 10 Strategy: Break apart numbers to form 10, then add the remainder

Original
9 + 6
Make 10
9 + 1 = 10
Remainder
6 - 1 = 5
Final
10 + 5 = 15
Step 1: Identify how many more to make 10

From 9 to make 10, we need 1 more

Step 2: Break apart the second number

6 = 1 + 5 (we take 1 to make 10 with 9)

Step 3: Add to make 10

9 + 1 = 10

Step 4: Add the remainder

10 + 5 = 15

Step 5: Verify the result

9 + 6 = 15 ✓

9 + 6 = 15
Final answer:

9 + 6 = 15

Applied rules:

• Number Bonds: Know that 9 + 1 = 10

• Decomposition: Break 6 into 1 + 5

• Associative Property: Group to make 10 first

5 Complex Subtraction
Exercise 5
Subtract: 15 - 7 using the "making 10" strategy
Definition:

Making 10 Strategy for Subtraction: Break apart the larger number using 10 as a bridge

Original
15 - 7
Break 15
10 + 5
Subtract from 10
10 - 7 = 3
Final
3 + 5 = 8
Step 1: Break apart the larger number

15 = 10 + 5

Step 2: Subtract from 10

10 - 7 = 3

Step 3: Add the remainder

3 + 5 = 8

Step 4: Verify the result

7 + 8 = 15 ✓

15 - 7 = 8
Final answer:

15 - 7 = 8

Applied rules:

• Decomposition: Break 15 into 10 + 5

• Subtraction from 10: Use known facts (10 - 7 = 3)

• Regrouping: Combine results after subtracting from 10

Add list of laws, methods, rules, definitions, expressions,.... Generate well SEO title for this section
8 + 5 = 8 + 2 + 3 = 10 + 3 = 13
Making 10 Strategy
Key definitions:

Making 10: A mental math strategy where you break apart numbers to form 10 first

Number Bonds: Pairs of numbers that add up to a specific total (especially 10)

Decomposition: Breaking apart numbers into smaller, more manageable parts

Complete methodology:
  1. Analyze the problem: Look for opportunities to make 10
  2. Identify the strategy: Determine if making 10 will simplify the calculation
  3. Apply the method: Break apart numbers strategically to reach 10
  4. Complete the calculation: Add or subtract the remaining parts
  5. Verify the result: Check your answer by using another method
Tip 1: Practice the number bonds to 10 regularly: 1+9, 2+8, 3+7, 4+6, 5+5.
Tip 2: Use visual aids like ten frames or fingers to help visualize making 10.
Tip 3: Think "What do I need to add to get to 10?" when working with numbers near 10.
Tip 4: For subtraction, break the larger number into 10 and the remainder.
Common errors: Forgetting to add the remainder after making 10, miscounting when breaking apart numbers.
Key facts to memorize: The pairs that make 10: 1+9, 2+8, 3+7, 4+6, 5+5.
Formulas and strategies to know by heart:

• Making 10 addition: 8 + 5 = 8 + 2 + 3 = 10 + 3 = 13

• Breaking apart: 9 + 4 = 9 + 1 + 3 = 10 + 3 = 13

• Subtraction using 10: 14 - 9 = (10 + 4) - 9 = 1 + 4 = 5

• Number bonds to 10: 1+9, 2+8, 3+7, 4+6, 5+5

• Subtraction with 10 as bridge: 15 - 7 = (10 + 5) - 7 = 3 + 5 = 8

Visual Learning: Ten Frame Representation
Exercise 6: Using Ten Frames
Visualize addition and subtraction using ten frames:
8 + 5 = ?
13 - 8 = ?
9 + 4 = ?

Analysis: The visual representation shows how 8 + 5 works:

  • Top frame shows 8 yellow dots (8 from first number)
  • Bottom frame shows 2 blue dots added to complete 10
  • Remaining 3 blue dots go to the next frame
  • Total: 10 + 3 = 13

Questions & Answers

Question: My child struggles with the concept of "making 10". They seem confused about why we need to break apart numbers. Can you explain why this strategy helps?

Answer: Great question! The "making 10" strategy is incredibly valuable because:

  • Ten is a friendly number: It's the base of our number system, so calculations with 10 are intuitive
  • Builds number sense: Children learn relationships between numbers and how they can be flexibly combined
  • Prepares for advanced math: This strategy lays groundwork for place value understanding and mental math
  • Reduces cognitive load: Instead of calculating 8 + 5 directly, children work with familiar facts (8 + 2 = 10)

Think of it this way: 8 + 5 might seem challenging, but breaking it into 8 + 2 + 3 makes it easier because children already know 8 + 2 = 10, and 10 + 3 = 13 is simple.

Start with manipulatives like counters or fingers to help visualize the process before moving to abstract thinking.

Question: When I do 9 + 4, I know it's 13, but I forget how to show the "making 10" steps. Can you remind me?

Answer: Here's how to break down 9 + 4 using the "making 10" strategy:

  1. Look at the first number: You have 9
  2. Figure out what's needed to make 10: From 9, you need 1 more to make 10
  3. Break apart the second number: Take 1 from 4, leaving 3
  4. Add to make 10: 9 + 1 = 10
  5. Add the remainder: 10 + 3 = 13

So: 9 + 4 = 9 + 1 + 3 = 10 + 3 = 13

Remember: Think "How many more to make 10?" when you see numbers close to 10!

Question: How does the "making 10" strategy help with subtraction problems like 13 - 8?

Answer: The "making 10" strategy for subtraction uses 10 as a bridge number. Here's how it works for 13 - 8:

  1. Break apart the larger number: 13 = 10 + 3
  2. Subtract from 10: 10 - 8 = 2
  3. Add the remainder: 2 + 3 = 5

This works because instead of thinking "13 - 8," children think "How much is left after taking 8 from 10, then add the extra 3?"

The advantage is that subtraction from 10 is often easier for young learners (since they know number bonds to 10), making complex subtractions more manageable.

Practice with visual aids like ten frames to help solidify this concept!