Solved Exercises on Introduction Course in Grade 1

Master introduction course: basic math concepts, counting, addition, and fundamental mathematical skills through these 5 detailed exercises.

Solution: Exercises 1 to 3
1 Counting numbers
Exercise 1
Count these objects: 🍎🍎🍎🍎🍎. How many are there? Write the number.
Definition:

Counting: The process of determining how many objects are in a group

Number: A symbol that represents a quantity

1
2
3
4
5
🍎
🍎
🍎
🍎
🍎
Counting
Finding how many
Numbers
Represent quantities
Math
Working with numbers
Counting method:
  1. Look at each object one at a time
  2. Assign a number to each object
  3. Continue until all objects are counted
  4. State the total number
Step 1: Look at the objects

There are 5 apples shown

Step 2: Count each object

One, two, three, four, five

Step 3: Assign numbers

1st apple, 2nd apple, 3rd apple, 4th apple, 5th apple

Step 4: State the total

There are 5 apples altogether

Total: 5 apples
Final answer:

There are 5 apples. I counted each apple one by one to get the total.

Applied rules:

• One-to-one correspondence: Each object gets one number

• Order irrelevance: Count objects in any order

• Cardinality: The last number tells the total amount

2 Addition exercise
Exercise 2
If you have 3 stars ⭐⭐⭐ and you get 2 more stars ⭐⭐, how many stars do you have altogether?
Definition:

Addition: The process of combining two or more groups to find the total

Plus sign (+): Symbol that means "add" or "combine"

⭐
⭐
⭐
+
⭐
⭐
=
⭐
⭐
⭐
⭐
⭐
Step 1: Count the first group

You have 3 stars

Step 2: Count the second group

You get 2 more stars

Step 3: Combine the groups

3 stars + 2 stars = 5 stars

Step 4: State the total

You have 5 stars altogether

3 + 2 = 5 stars
Final answer:

You have 5 stars altogether. This is because 3 + 2 = 5.

Applied rules:

• Combining: Addition combines groups to find totals

• Symbol: Use + to show addition

• Equals: Use = to show the result

3 Subtraction exercise
Exercise 3
If you have 5 balloons 🎈🎈🎈🎈🎈 and 2 pop, how many balloons are left?
Definition:

Subtraction: The process of taking away part of a group to find what remains

Minus sign (-): Symbol that means "take away" or "subtract"

🎈
🎈
🎈
🎈
🎈
-
💥
💥
=
🎈
🎈
🎈
Step 1: Count the original amount

You started with 5 balloons

Step 2: Identify what's taken away

2 balloons popped (were taken away)

Step 3: Take away the popped balloons

5 balloons - 2 balloons = 3 balloons

Step 4: State what remains

You have 3 balloons left

5 - 2 = 3 balloons
Final answer:

You have 3 balloons left. This is because 5 - 2 = 3.

Applied rules:

• Taking away: Subtraction removes part of a group

• Symbol: Use - to show subtraction

• Remains: The result shows what's left

Mathematical Foundations
\text{Addition: } A + B = C
Basic Operations
Counting
Determining quantity
Addition
Combining groups
Subtraction
Taking away
Comparison
More or less
Key definitions:

Math exercise: A problem designed to practice and learn mathematical concepts.

Counting: The process of determining how many objects are in a group.

Addition: Combining two or more groups to find the total amount.

Subtraction: Taking away part of a group to find what remains.

Number sense: Understanding how numbers work and relate to each other.

Exercise completion method:
  1. Read carefully: Understand what the problem is asking
  2. Identify the operation: Determine if it's counting, adding, or subtracting
  3. Work systematically: Follow a step-by-step approach
  4. Check your work: Verify your answer makes sense
Tip 1: Use your fingers to help count if needed.
Tip 2: Draw pictures to visualize the problem.
Tip 3: Count slowly and carefully to avoid mistakes.
Tip 4: Always check if your answer makes sense.
Solution: Exercises 4 to 5
4 Comparison exercise
Exercise 4
Which group has more? Group A: 🐶🐶🐶 (3 dogs) or Group B: 🐱🐱 (2 cats)?
Definition:

Comparison: Looking at two or more groups to see which has more or less

Greater than (>): Symbol that means "more than"

Less than (<): Symbol that means "fewer than"

🐶
🐶
🐶
Group A: 3 dogs
>
🐱
🐱
Group B: 2 cats
Step 1: Count Group A

Group A has 3 dogs

Step 2: Count Group B

Group B has 2 cats

Step 3: Compare the amounts

3 is greater than 2

Step 4: State which has more

Group A (3 dogs) has more than Group B (2 cats)

3 > 2, so Group A has more
Final answer:

Group A has more animals. Group A has 3 dogs, and Group B has 2 cats. Since 3 > 2, Group A has more.

Applied rules:

• Counting: Count each group separately

• Comparison: Compare the numbers to determine which is greater

• Symbols: Use > for "greater than" and < for "less than"

5 Mixed exercise
Exercise 5
You have 4 cookies 🍪🍪🍪🍪. You eat 1 cookie and your friend gives you 2 more cookies. How many cookies do you have now?
Definition:

Mixed operations: Problems that use more than one mathematical operation

Multi-step problem: A problem that requires multiple calculations

🍪
🍪
🍪
🍪
You start with 4
-
❌
Eat 1
+
🍪
🍪
Get 2 more
=
🍪
🍪
🍪
🍪
🍪
Final: 5 cookies
Step 1: Start with original amount

You have 4 cookies

Step 2: Subtract what you ate

4 - 1 = 3 cookies left

Step 3: Add what your friend gave

3 + 2 = 5 cookies

Step 4: State the final amount

You have 5 cookies now

Step 5: Verify the answer

4 - 1 + 2 = 5 ✓

4 - 1 + 2 = 5 cookies
Final answer:

You have 5 cookies now. You started with 4, ate 1 (leaving 3), then got 2 more (making 5).

Applied rules:

• Order of operations: Work from left to right

• Multi-step: Solve one operation at a time

• Verification: Check that your answer makes sense

Complete Summary: Introduction Course
Key Concepts and Definitions

Math exercise: A problem designed to practice and learn mathematical concepts.

Counting: The process of determining how many objects are in a group.

Addition: Combining two or more groups to find the total amount (symbol: +).

Subtraction: Taking away part of a group to find what remains (symbol: -).

Comparison: Looking at two or more groups to see which has more or less.

Number sense: Understanding how numbers work and relate to each other.

Multi-step problem: A problem that requires multiple calculations to solve.

Verification: Checking that your answer makes sense and is correct.

Core Rules and Principles

Rule 1: Each object gets one number when counting (one-to-one correspondence).

Rule 2: The order of counting doesn't affect the total (order irrelevance).

Rule 3: The last number counted tells the total amount (cardinality).

Rule 4: Addition combines groups to find totals.

Rule 5: Subtraction takes away to find what remains.

Rule 6: Always verify that your answer makes sense.

Step-by-Step Methods

Method 1 - Counting:

  1. Look at each object in the group
  2. Assign a number to each object (1, 2, 3...)
  3. Continue until all objects are counted
  4. State the final number as the total

Method 2 - Addition:

  1. Identify the first group and count it
  2. Identify the second group and count it
  3. Combine the groups together
  4. Count the total number in the combined group

Method 3 - Subtraction:

  1. Start with the original amount
  2. Identify what is being taken away
  3. Remove that amount from the original
  4. Count what remains
Examples: Simple to Advanced

Simple Example: Counting 3 apples (count: 1, 2, 3)

Moderate Example: Addition 2 + 3 = 5

Advanced Example: Subtraction 7 - 4 = 3

Complex Example: Comparison: 5 > 3

Application Example: Multi-step: 6 - 2 + 1 = 5

Tips, Tricks, and Common Pitfalls

Tips:

  • Use your fingers to help count when needed
  • Draw pictures to visualize problems
  • Count slowly and carefully to avoid mistakes
  • Always check if your answer makes sense
  • Practice regularly to build confidence
  • Use manipulatives (blocks, counters) to help understand concepts

Common Mistakes:

  • Skipping numbers when counting
  • Counting the same object twice
  • Forgetting to carry over numbers in multi-step problems
  • Mixing up addition and subtraction
  • Not verifying the final answer
Key Notes for Memorization

Memory Aid: "C.A.S." - Counting, Addition, Subtraction (the basic operations)

Formula: Addition: A + B = C, Subtraction: A - B = C

Strategy: Always start by understanding what the problem asks

Principle: Work systematically through each step

Goal: Build number sense and confidence with math

Questions & Answers

Question: I sometimes get confused between addition and subtraction. How can I remember which is which?

Answer: Here are some helpful memory tricks:

  • Addition: Think "ADD" means "GET MORE" - you combine groups to make a bigger amount
  • Subtraction: Think "SUBTRACT" means "TAKE AWAY" - you remove part to make a smaller amount
  • Visual cues: Plus sign (+) looks like you're putting things together
  • Visual cues: Minus sign (-) looks like you're taking something away

Practice with real objects: adding means putting groups together, subtracting means taking some away.

Question: My child counts slowly and sometimes skips numbers. How can I help them improve?

Answer: This is completely normal for young learners! Here's how to help:

  • Slow down: Encourage them to touch each object as they count
  • Practice regularly: Short, frequent practice sessions work better than long ones
  • Use songs: Counting songs help with rhythm and memory
  • Play games: Counting games make practice fun
  • Be patient: It takes time to develop this skill

Focus on accuracy over speed initially. Consistent practice will naturally increase speed.

Question: Why do we need to do math exercises? When will I use this in real life?

Answer: Math exercises help build important life skills! Here are real examples:

  • Shopping: Counting money and making change
  • Cooking: Measuring ingredients
  • Sharing: Dividing snacks equally among friends
  • Playing: Keeping score in games
  • Planning: Knowing if you have enough time for activities

Math exercises build your brain and help you solve everyday problems!