Solved Exercises on Making Ten Strategy in Grade 2

Master making ten strategy: addition, subtraction, number bonds, decomposition, mental math techniques through these 5 detailed exercises.

Solution: Exercises 1 to 3
1 Addition with making ten
Exercise 1
Solve 8 + 5 using the making ten strategy.
Definition:

Making ten strategy: Breaking apart one number to make 10 with the other number.

Making ten method:
  1. Identify what's needed to make 10 with the first number
  2. Break apart the second number accordingly
  3. Make 10 first, then add the remainder
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
5
5
Step 1: Identify what's needed to make 10

8 needs 2 more to make 10

Step 2: Break apart the second number

Break 5 into 2 and 3

Step 3: Make 10 first

8 + 2 = 10

Step 4: Add the remainder

10 + 3 = 13

8 + 5
→
8 + 2 + 3
→
10 + 3
→
13
Making ten: 8 + 5

8 + 2 = 10, then 10 + 3 = 13

Final answer:

8 + 5 = 13 using the making ten strategy.

Applied rules:

• Make 10 principle: Break one number to complement the other to 10

• Decomposition: Break apart the second addend strategically

• Addition sequence: Make 10 first, then add remainder

2 Subtraction with making ten
Exercise 2
Solve 13 - 8 using the making ten strategy.
Definition:

Subtraction with making ten: Using the relationship between addition and subtraction to make 10 first.

13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
Step 1: Think about addition facts

What number added to 8 equals 13?

Step 2: Use making ten strategy

8 + 2 = 10, then 10 + 3 = 13

Step 3: Combine the additions

8 + 5 = 13

Step 4: Write the subtraction answer

13 - 8 = 5

13 - 8
→
8 + ? = 13
→
8 + 2 + 3
→
5
Making ten: 13 - 8

8 + 2 = 10, 10 + 3 = 13, so 8 + 5 = 13, therefore 13 - 8 = 5

Final answer:

13 - 8 = 5 using the making ten strategy.

Applied rules:

• Inverse relationship: Subtraction is the inverse of addition

• Think addition: Use addition facts to solve subtraction

• Making ten: Apply the same strategy to related addition facts

3 Number bonds with ten
Exercise 3
Show the number bond for 9 + 4 using the making ten strategy.
Definition:

Number bond: A visual representation showing how numbers relate to each other in addition and subtraction.

9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
4
4
4
Step 1: Identify what's needed to make 10

9 needs 1 more to make 10

Step 2: Break apart the second number

Break 4 into 1 and 3

Step 3: Make 10 first

9 + 1 = 10

Step 4: Add the remainder

10 + 3 = 13

9 + 4
→
9 + 1 + 3
→
10 + 3
→
13
Number bond: 9 + 4

9 + 1 = 10, then 10 + 3 = 13

Final answer:

9 + 4 = 13 using the making ten strategy and number bonds.

Applied rules:

• Number bond principle: Whole = Part + Part

• Part-whole relationship: Break apart to make 10

• Visual representation: Circles or frames show the relationship

Making Ten Strategy Rules and Methods
8 + 5 = 8 + 2 + 3 = 10 + 3 = 13
Making Ten Process
Step 1
Find what makes 10
Identify complement
Step 2
Break apart number
Decompose addend
Step 3
Make 10 first
Add to make 10
Step 4
Add remainder
Finish the addition
Key definitions:

Making ten strategy: A method of breaking apart one number to create 10 with the other number

Decomposition: Breaking a number into smaller parts

Number bond: A visual representation of the relationship between numbers

Complement to 10: The number that, when added to another, equals 10

Place value: Understanding that 10 ones make 1 ten

Complete methodology:
  1. Identify the target: Determine what's needed to make 10
  2. Decompose strategically: Break apart the second number appropriately
  3. Make 10 first: Add to create the benchmark number 10
  4. Add remainder: Complete the addition with remaining parts
Tip 1: Practice complements to 10 (1+9, 2+8, 3+7, etc.) until automatic.
Tip 2: Use ten frames to visualize the strategy.
Tip 3: Start with numbers close to 10 (9, 8, 7).
Tip 4: Use the strategy for both addition and subtraction.
Common errors: Forgetting to add the remainder after making 10, incorrectly decomposing numbers, not recognizing when the strategy applies.
Memory aid: "Make 10 first, then add the rest" helps remember the sequence.
Rules to remember:

• Step 1: Identify what number is needed to make 10

• Step 2: Break apart the second number accordingly

• Step 3: Add to make 10 first

• Step 4: Add the remaining part to complete the equation

7 + 6 = 7 + 3 + 3 = 10 + 3 = 13
Example Application
Solution: Exercises 4 to 5
4 Mental math application
Exercise 4
Solve 6 + 7 using the making ten strategy mentally.
Definition:

Mental math: Solving problems in your head using the making ten strategy.

6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
Step 1: Think about making 10

6 needs 4 more to make 10

Step 2: Break apart 7

7 = 4 + 3

Step 3: Make 10 first

6 + 4 = 10

Step 4: Add the remainder

10 + 3 = 13

6 + 7
→
6 + 4 + 3
→
10 + 3
→
13
Mental math: 6 + 7

6 + 4 = 10, then 10 + 3 = 13

Final answer:

6 + 7 = 13 using the making ten strategy mentally.

Applied rules:

• Mental calculation: Use known facts to solve in your head

• Efficiency: Making ten simplifies mental math

• Pattern recognition: Identify opportunities to make 10 quickly

5 Word problem application
Exercise 5
Emma has 9 red apples and 6 green apples. How many apples does she have in total? Use the making ten strategy.
Definition:

Word problem: A real-world scenario requiring the use of the making ten strategy.

9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
6
6
6
Step 1: Identify the numbers in the problem

Emma has 9 red apples and 6 green apples

Need to find: 9 + 6

Step 2: Identify what's needed to make 10

9 needs 1 more to make 10

Step 3: Break apart 6

6 = 1 + 5

Step 4: Make 10 first

9 + 1 = 10

Step 5: Add the remainder

10 + 5 = 15

Step 6: Answer in context

Emma has 15 apples in total

9 + 6
→
9 + 1 + 5
→
10 + 5
→
15
Word problem: 9 + 6

9 + 1 = 10, then 10 + 5 = 15

Final answer:

Emma has 15 apples in total using the making ten strategy.

Applied rules:

• Problem translation: Convert word problems to mathematical expressions

• Strategy application: Use appropriate making ten method

• Context answer: Include units and context in final answer

Making Ten Strategy Laws, Methods, and Definitions
a + b = (a + c) + (b - c) where a + c = 10
Making Ten Formula
Key definitions:

Making ten strategy: A method of breaking apart one number to create 10 with the other number, then adding the remainder

Decomposition: Breaking a number into smaller parts to facilitate calculation

Number bond: A visual representation showing the relationship between a number and its parts

Complement to 10: The number that, when added to another number, results in 10

Mental math: Calculating in your head using known patterns and strategies

Place value: Understanding that 10 ones make 1 ten

Complete methodology:
  1. Identify the target: Determine what number is needed to make 10
  2. Strategic decomposition: Break apart the second number appropriately
  3. Make 10 first: Add to create the benchmark number 10
  4. Add remainder: Complete the addition with remaining parts
  5. Verification: Check the result using alternative methods
Tip 1: Practice complements to 10 until they become automatic (1+9, 2+8, 3+7, 4+6, 5+5).
Tip 2: Use ten frames or drawings to visualize the strategy initially.
Tip 3: Apply the strategy to numbers close to 10 (9, 8, 7) first.
Tip 4: Use the strategy for both addition and related subtraction problems.
Common errors: Forgetting to add the remainder after making 10, incorrectly decomposing numbers, not recognizing when the strategy applies, confusing addition and subtraction applications.
Memory aids: "Make 10 first, then add the rest" and "What goes with [number] to make 10?"
Essential laws and rules:

• Decomposition law: a + b = (a + c) + (b - c) when a + c = 10

• Complement principle: Each number has a unique complement to 10

• Sequential addition: Make 10 first, then add remaining parts

• Flexibility rule: Can be applied to various addition and subtraction problems

• Verification principle: Always check results using alternative methods

8 + 7 = 8 + 2 + 5 = 10 + 5 = 15
Example Application
Visual representation: Ten frames and number bonds help students understand the concept of making 10.
Real-world connection: The strategy appears in everyday situations like counting money or measuring.

Questions & Answers

Question: Why do we need to make 10? Can't I just count all the numbers?

Answer: You can count, but making 10 is much faster and easier:

  • Counting: For 8 + 5, you'd count 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13
  • Making 10: 8 + 2 = 10, then 10 + 3 = 13 (much faster!)

Making 10 is helpful because:

  • 10 is a friendly number that's easy to work with
  • It builds a foundation for larger numbers
  • It makes mental math faster
  • It helps understand place value

Think of 10 as a "helper number" that makes addition easier!

Question: How do I know what number to break apart? Like in 8 + 5, why do I break the 5?

Answer: You look for which number will help you make 10 easily:

  • 8 + 5: 8 needs 2 more to make 10, so break 5 into 2 + 3
  • 5 + 8: Same thing - 5 needs 5 more to make 10, so break 8 into 5 + 3

The goal is always to make 10, so:

  • Look at the first number and see what it needs to make 10
  • Break the second number into those parts
  • Make 10 first, then add what's left

Sometimes you can break either number, but choose the easier path!

Question: My child struggles with breaking numbers apart. How can I help them practice this?

Answer: Start with concrete materials and gradually move to abstract thinking:

  • Use objects: Blocks, counters, or small toys to physically break apart
  • Ten frames: Visual grids that show how numbers fill up to 10
  • Practice complements: Focus on what goes with each number to make 10
  • Start simple: Begin with numbers that are easy to break apart

Practice questions like:

  • "What goes with 7 to make 10?" (Answer: 3)
  • "How can we break apart 6?" (Answer: 1+5, 2+4, 3+3)

Repetition and visual aids help build this skill over time.

Question: Does this work for subtraction too? Like 13 - 8?

Answer: Yes! You can use making ten for subtraction too:

  • Think addition: "What number added to 8 equals 13?"
  • Make 10: 8 + 2 = 10
  • Continue: 10 + 3 = 13
  • Combine: 8 + 5 = 13
  • Therefore: 13 - 8 = 5

Subtraction and addition are related - they're opposite operations!

If you know 8 + 5 = 13, then you know 13 - 8 = 5 and 13 - 5 = 8.

Question: When should I use the making ten strategy? Is it for every problem?

Answer: The making ten strategy works best for specific situations:

  • When one number is close to 10: 8 + 4, 9 + 6, 7 + 5
  • When it's easier than counting: Some problems are faster to solve by counting
  • When you want to build number sense: Understanding relationships between numbers

Don't use it for every problem - it's a tool for specific situations:

  • Good for: 8 + 6, 9 + 4, 7 + 5
  • Maybe not needed for: 2 + 3, 1 + 1 (too simple)

As you get better at math, you'll know when to use this strategy automatically!