Multiplication Review Sheets - 4th Grade Math

Master multiplication by 1-digit numbers through these 10 detailed exercises with solutions.

Multiplication Exercises 1 to 5
1 Basic multiplication
Exercise 1
Calculate: 243 × 6
Definition:

Multiplication: Repeated addition of the same number

Standard algorithm:
  1. Multiply each digit of the multiplicand by the multiplier
  2. Carry over when the product is greater than 9
  3. Add the carried values to the next column
Problem
243 × 6
Solution
1,458
Step 1: Multiply ones place

3 × 6 = 18, write 8 and carry 1

Step 2: Multiply tens place

4 × 6 = 24, add carried 1 = 25, write 5 and carry 2

Step 3: Multiply hundreds place

2 × 6 = 12, add carried 2 = 14, write 14

243 × 6 = 1,458
Final answer:

243 × 6 = 1,458

Applied rules:

• Multiplication facts: Know basic multiplication tables

• Place value: Understand the value of each digit position

• Carrying: Properly handle values greater than 9

2 Multiplication with zeros
Exercise 2
Calculate: 507 × 8
Definition:

Multiplication with zeros: Zeros in the middle of numbers require careful attention

Problem
507 × 8
Solution
4,056
Step 1: Multiply ones place

7 × 8 = 56, write 6 and carry 5

Step 2: Multiply tens place

0 × 8 = 0, add carried 5 = 5, write 5

Step 3: Multiply hundreds place

5 × 8 = 40, write 40

507 × 8 = 4,056
Final answer:

507 × 8 = 4,056

Applied rules:

• Zero property: Any number multiplied by 0 equals 0

• Place value: Maintain the correct position of each digit

• Carrying: Don't forget to add carried values

3 Word problem
Exercise 3
A school has 124 students in each grade. There are 6 grades. How many students are there in total?
Definition:

Word problems: Real-world scenarios requiring mathematical operations

Problem
124 × 6
Solution
744
Step 1: Identify the operation

We need to find the total number of students, so multiply 124 by 6

Step 2: Multiply ones place

4 × 6 = 24, write 4 and carry 2

Step 3: Multiply tens place

2 × 6 = 12, add carried 2 = 14, write 4 and carry 1

Step 4: Multiply hundreds place

1 × 6 = 6, add carried 1 = 7, write 7

124 × 6 = 744 students
Final answer:

There are 744 students in total.

Applied rules:

• Problem solving: Identify key information and operations needed

• Multiplication: Apply standard algorithm correctly

• Context: Answer in the context of the word problem

Multiplication Exercises 6 to 10
4 Multiplication with regrouping
Exercise 4
Calculate: 839 × 7
Definition:

Regrouping: Carrying values from one place to the next during multiplication

Problem
839 × 7
Solution
5,873
Step 1: Multiply ones place

9 × 7 = 63, write 3 and carry 6

Step 2: Multiply tens place

3 × 7 = 21, add carried 6 = 27, write 7 and carry 2

Step 3: Multiply hundreds place

8 × 7 = 56, add carried 2 = 58, write 58

839 × 7 = 5,873
Final answer:

839 × 7 = 5,873

Applied rules:

• Regrouping: Properly carry values to the next column

• Multiplication facts: Know basic multiplication tables

• Place value: Maintain the correct position of each digit

5 Estimation and verification
Exercise 5
Estimate and calculate: 452 × 9
Definition:

Estimation: Rounding numbers to make mental calculations easier

Estimation
450 × 9 ≈ 4,050
Exact
452 × 9 = 4,068
Step 1: Estimate by rounding

Round 452 to 450, then 450 × 9 = 4,050

Step 2: Calculate exact answer

2 × 9 = 18, write 8 and carry 1

5 × 9 = 45, add carried 1 = 46, write 6 and carry 4

4 × 9 = 36, add carried 4 = 40, write 40

Step 3: Compare estimate to actual

Our estimate of 4,050 is close to the actual answer of 4,068

452 × 9 = 4,068
Final answer:

452 × 9 = 4,068

Applied rules:

• Estimation: Round to nearest ten or hundred for easier calculation

• Verification: Check if exact answer is reasonable compared to estimate

• Multiplication algorithm: Apply standard procedure accurately

6 Multiplication pattern recognition
Exercise 6
Calculate: 314 × 5
Definition:

Multiplication patterns: Recognizing shortcuts and relationships in multiplication

Problem
314 × 5
Solution
1,570
Step 1: Multiply ones place

4 × 5 = 20, write 0 and carry 2

Step 2: Multiply tens place

1 × 5 = 5, add carried 2 = 7, write 7

Step 3: Multiply hundreds place

3 × 5 = 15, write 15

314 × 5 = 1,570
Final answer:

314 × 5 = 1,570

Applied rules:

• Multiplication facts: Know basic multiplication tables

• Carrying: Properly handle values greater than 9

• Place value: Understand the value of each digit position

7 Word problem with multiple steps
Exercise 7
A farmer has 8 fields with 205 apple trees in each field. Each tree produces 7 apples. How many apples does the farmer harvest in total?
Definition:

Multi-step problems: Problems requiring multiple operations to solve

First step
8 × 205 = 1,640
Second step
1,640 × 7 = 11,480
Step 1: Find total number of trees

8 fields × 205 trees per field = 1,640 trees

Step 2: Find total number of apples

1,640 trees × 7 apples per tree = 11,480 apples

Step 3: Calculate 8 × 205

5 × 8 = 40, write 0 and carry 4

0 × 8 = 0, add carried 4 = 4, write 4

2 × 8 = 16, write 16

So 8 × 205 = 1,640

Step 4: Calculate 1,640 × 7

0 × 7 = 0

4 × 7 = 28, write 8 and carry 2

6 × 7 = 42, add carried 2 = 44, write 4 and carry 4

1 × 7 = 7, add carried 4 = 11, write 11

So 1,640 × 7 = 11,480

Total = 11,480 apples
Final answer:

The farmer harvests 11,480 apples in total.

Applied rules:

• Multi-step problem solving: Break complex problems into smaller parts

• Multiplication: Apply standard algorithm correctly

• Context: Answer in the context of the word problem

8 Multiplication with money
Exercise 8
If a book costs $18, how much do 9 books cost?
Definition:

Money multiplication: Applying multiplication to real-world financial contexts

Problem
$18 × 9
Solution
$162
Step 1: Set up the multiplication

$18 × 9

Step 2: Multiply ones place

8 × 9 = 72, write 2 and carry 7

Step 3: Multiply tens place

1 × 9 = 9, add carried 7 = 16, write 16

$18 × 9 = $162
Final answer:

Nine books cost $162.

Applied rules:

• Multiplication algorithm: Apply standard procedure accurately

• Money notation: Include dollar sign in final answer

• Real-world context: Apply math to practical situations

9 Multiplication with area model
Exercise 9
Calculate: 346 × 4 using expanded form
Definition:

Expanded form: Breaking apart numbers by place value to understand multiplication

Expanded
(300+40+6) × 4
Solution
1,384
Step 1: Write in expanded form

346 = 300 + 40 + 6

Step 2: Apply distributive property

(300 + 40 + 6) × 4 = (300 × 4) + (40 × 4) + (6 × 4)

Step 3: Multiply each part

300 × 4 = 1,200

40 × 4 = 160

6 × 4 = 24

Step 4: Add the partial products

1,200 + 160 + 24 = 1,384

346 × 4 = 1,384
Final answer:

346 × 4 = 1,384

Applied rules:

• Distributive property: a(b + c) = ab + ac

• Expanded form: Break numbers into place value components

• Partial products: Multiply each component separately

10 Challenge problem
Exercise 10
A factory produces 725 toys each day. How many toys are produced in 6 days? Then estimate to check if your answer is reasonable.
Definition:

Challenge problems: Complex problems combining multiple skills and concepts

Calculation
725 × 6 = 4,350
Estimate
700 × 6 = 4,200
Step 1: Multiply ones place

5 × 6 = 30, write 0 and carry 3

Step 2: Multiply tens place

2 × 6 = 12, add carried 3 = 15, write 5 and carry 1

Step 3: Multiply hundreds place

7 × 6 = 42, add carried 1 = 43, write 43

Step 4: Estimate to verify

Round 725 to 700, then 700 × 6 = 4,200

Our answer of 4,350 is close to our estimate of 4,200, so it's reasonable

725 × 6 = 4,350 toys
Final answer:

The factory produces 4,350 toys in 6 days.

Applied rules:

• Multiplication algorithm: Apply standard procedure accurately

• Estimation: Check reasonableness of answers

• Problem solving: Combine computation with reasoning

Multiplication Rules and Methods
\(a × b = \text{product}\)
Basic Multiplication
→
Multiply Ones
↑
Carry Over
→
Multiply Tens
↑
Carry Over
→
Multiply Hundreds
Key Properties

Commutative: a×b = b×a

Associative: (a×b)×c = a×(b×c)

Identity: a×1 = a

Multiplication Facts

Know tables 0-9

Patterns with 2s, 5s, 10s

Zero property: a×0 = 0

Common Errors

Forgetting to carry

Misaligning digits

Incorrect multiplication facts

Patterns with 2s

Always even results

Double the number

Patterns with 5s

Ends in 0 or 5

Half of 10s table

Patterns with 9s

Digits sum to 9

One less than 10s

\(\text{Factor} × \text{Factor} = \text{Product}\)
Multiplication Components
Key strategies: Know multiplication facts, check work with estimation, use place value understanding.
Practice tips: Practice regularly, focus on carrying, verify answers with estimation.
Multiplication Strategies and Tips
\(abc × d = (a×d)×100 + (b×d)×10 + (c×d)\)
Expanded Algorithm
Key definitions:

Multiplicand: The number being multiplied

Multiplier: The number doing the multiplying

Product: The result of multiplication

Step-by-step process:
  1. Align numbers: Place the numbers vertically with ones under ones
  2. Multiply ones: Multiply the ones digit of the bottom number by each digit of the top number
  3. Carry over: When product is greater than 9, carry the tens to the next column
  4. Repeat: Continue for tens, hundreds, etc. places
Tip 1: Always start with the ones place and move left.
Tip 2: Remember to carry values when products exceed 9.
Tip 3: Check your answer by estimating or using inverse operations.
Tip 4: Practice multiplication facts daily for fluency.
Common errors: Forgetting to carry, misaligning digits, incorrect multiplication facts.
Test prep: Master basic facts, practice word problems, learn to check answers.
Essential facts to remember:

• Multiplication tables: Know 0-9 tables fluently

• Carrying rule: When product ≥ 10, carry the tens digit

• Place value: Each position is 10 times the previous

• Zero property: Any number × 0 = 0

• Identity property: Any number × 1 = itself

Questions & Answers

Question: I get confused when I have to carry numbers in multiplication. How do I know where to put the carried number?

Answer: Great question! When you carry in multiplication, always add the carried number to the product of the next place value. For example, in 243 × 6:

  • You multiply 3 × 6 = 18, write 8 in the ones place and carry 1 to the tens place
  • Then multiply 4 × 6 = 24, add the carried 1 = 25, write 5 in the tens place and carry 2 to the hundreds place
  • Finally multiply 2 × 6 = 12, add the carried 2 = 14, write 14 in the hundreds place

The key is: carry goes to the next higher place value. Always add the carried amount to the next multiplication result.

Question: My child struggles with multiplication facts. What's the best way to help them memorize the tables?

Answer: Building multiplication fluency requires multiple approaches:

  • Pattern recognition: Notice that 2s are doubles, 5s end in 0 or 5, 9s have digits that sum to 9
  • Repeated practice: Daily 10-minute sessions are more effective than longer, infrequent sessions
  • Visual aids: Use arrays, grouping objects, or number lines to show multiplication conceptually
  • Games and apps: Make practice fun with multiplication games and timed challenges

Start with easier facts (0s, 1s, 2s) and build confidence before moving to more challenging ones.

Question: When do I know if I need to multiply in a word problem?

Answer: Look for key words and phrases that indicate multiplication:

  • "Each" - e.g., "Each student has 5 pencils"
  • "Per" - e.g., "There are 8 cookies per box"
  • "Times" - e.g., "The garden is 3 times as large"
  • "Groups of" - e.g., "4 groups of 6 students"
  • "Total" when items are equally distributed

Also consider the situation: if you're finding totals of equal groups, rows, or sets, you likely need multiplication. In our example "A school has 124 students in each grade. There are 6 grades," the phrase "in each grade" signals equal groups, so we multiply 124 by 6.